![]() ![]() Upstart Serbia then doubled its territory in back-to-back Balkan wars (19), further threatening Austro-Hungarian supremacy in the region. This grab for territory and control angered the independent Balkan nation of Serbia-who considered Bosnia a Serb homeland-as well as Slavic Russia. The slumping Austria-Hungary-in which small minorities (Germans in Austria, Magyars in Hungary) attempted to control large populations of restless Slavs-worried for its future as a great power, and in 1908 it annexed the twin Balkan provinces of Bosnia-Herzogovina. Order in the region depended on the cooperation of two competing powers, Russia and Austria-Hungary. The Balkan Peninsula, in southeastern Europe, was a particularly tumultuous region: Formerly under the control of the Ottoman Empire, its status was uncertain by the late 1800s, as the weakened Turks continued their slow withdrawal from Europe. ![]() By 1914, however, a multitude of forces was threatening to tear it apart. Almost exactly a century before, a meeting of the European states at the Congress of Vienna had established an international order and balance of power that lasted for almost a century. ![]()
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